NAME: الروم, Ar-Rum.
Name taken from Verse 2 where there is a mention of “Ar-Rum”.
٢ غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ
2 The Byzantines have been defeated
But It does not mean that this name is the actual topic discussed in the whole Surah. It is just a reference and mark/symbol to distinguish this Surah from others as is with most other Surahs of Quran. While there are diversified topics discussed in these Surahs.
ENGLISH NAME: Romans, Byzantium.
CHAPTER NUMBER: 30
SURAH RUM TOTAL VERSES: 60
SURAH RUM TOTAL WORDS: 817
TOTAL UNIQUE WORDS WITHOUT REPETITION: 451
TOTAL LETTERS: 3,472
REVELATION PERIOD:
Meccan, Approx. 615 – 617 AD.
MAIN CHARACTERS:
God, Romans, Believers, Prophet Muhammad.
SURAH RUM MAIN TOPICS:
Prediction of Romans Defeat & Glad tidings, Last Day Punishment & Rewards, God’s Signs Everywhere, Riba/Usury, Cloud and Rain Formation, Time Stayed on Earth Will look like an hour.
SURAH RUM KEY VERSES:
٢ غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ
2 The Byzantines have been defeated
٣ فِي أَدْنَى الْأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ
3 In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome.
٤ فِي بِضْعِ سِنِينَ ۗ لِلَّهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمِنْ بَعْدُ ۚ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ
4 Within three to nine years. To Allah belongs the command before and after. And that day the believers will rejoice
٣٠ فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفًا ۚ فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا ۚ لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
30 So direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth. [Adhere to] the fitrah of Allah upon which He has created [all] people. No change should there be in the creation of Allah. That is the correct religion, but most of the people do not know.
٣٢ مِنَ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا ۖ كُلُّ حِزْبٍ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ
32 [Or] of those who have divided their religion and become sects, every faction rejoicing in what it has.
٥٥ وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ يُقْسِمُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ مَا لَبِثُوا غَيْرَ سَاعَةٍ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كَانُوا يُؤْفَكُونَ
55 And the Day the Hour appears the criminals will swear they had remained but an hour. Thus they were deluded.
٥٦ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ وَالْإِيمَانَ لَقَدْ لَبِثْتُمْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْبَعْثِ ۖ فَهَٰذَا يَوْمُ الْبَعْثِ وَلَٰكِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
56 But those who were given knowledge and faith will say, “You remained the extent of Allah ‘s decree until the Day of Resurrection, and this is the Day of Resurrection, but you did not used to know.”
SUMMARY OF TOPICS
1-4(Romans Prediction Of Defeat And Good Tiding For Both Romans And Muslims That They Will Be Conqueror Soon On Persians And Meccan’s Respectively), 5-6(Promise Upon God, Allah Does Not Fail In His Promise), 9(Have They Not Traveled Through The Earth And Observed How Was The End Of Those Before Them? They Were Greater In Power), 10-16(Last Day Punishment Rewards, Hell Paradise), 17-18( Namaz/Prayer Timings),19( God Brings The Living Out Of The Dead And Brings The Dead Out Of The Living), 20-27(His Signs In Your Spouses/Mates, In Heavens Earth Creation, In Diverse Languages In Different Colors Etc), 30(The Nature Made By Allah In Which He Has Made Men Is True Religion), 39(Difference In Riba/Usury/Interest And Zakat), 41(Pollution/Corruption Has Spread In Land And Waters), 48( Process Of Raining; Winds Clouds Then Spread On Sky Then Fragments Then Rain), 55-56(How Long Stayed In Earth; Swear They Did Not Tarry But An Hour), 60(Be Patient; Surely The Promise Of Allah Is True And Let Not Those Who Have No Certainty Hold You In Light Estimation.)
SURAH RUM BRIEF COMMENTARY & BACK GROUND
This Surah has 60 verses divided into 6 Rukus/Sections. This Surah was revealed in Mecca same time as of Surah Taha almost six to seven years before