NAME: الحشر, Al-Hashr.
Name taken from Verse 2 where there is a mention of the word “Al-Hashr”.
٢ هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا ۖ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مَانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ۚ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ
2 It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allah; but [the decree of] Allah came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts [so] they destroyed their houses by their [own] hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision.
ENGLISH NAME: The Gathering.
CHAPTER NUMBER: 59
SURAH HASHR TOTAL VERSES: 24
SURAH HASHR TOTAL WORDS: 447
TOTAL UNIQUE WORDS WITHOUT REPETITION: 299
TOTAL LETTERS: 1,970
REVELATION PERIOD:
Medinan, Approx. 626 – 627 AD.
MAIN CHARACTERS:
God, Prophet Muhammad, Believers, People Of Book, Hypocrites, Satan/ Devil.
SURAH HASHR MAIN TOPICS:
Exile Of Jewish Tribe Of Bani Nadir, Spoils and Introduction of “Fay” i.e Spoils You Get Without Battle Is Not Yours But Of Allah & Prophet, Traits of Hypocrites, If Quran Sent On A Mountain?, Seventeen Attributes Of Allah.
SURAH HASHR KEY VERSES:
٢ هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا ۖ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مَانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ۚ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ
2 It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allah; but [the decree of] Allah came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts [so] they destroyed their houses by their [own] hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision.
٦ وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
6 And what Allah restored [of property] to His Messenger from them – you did not spur for it [in an expedition] any horses or camels, but Allah gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent.
١٣ لَأَنْتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ
13 You [believers] are more fearful within their breasts than Allah. That is because they are a people who do not understand.
١٤ لَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا فِي قُرًى مُحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جُدُرٍ ۚ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ ۚ تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعًا وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّىٰ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ
14 They will not fight you all except within fortified cities or from behind walls. Their violence among themselves is severe. You think they are together, but their hearts are diverse. That is because they are a people who do not reason.
٢١ لَوْ أَنْزَلْنَا هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَىٰ جَبَلٍ لَرَأَيْتَهُ خَاشِعًا مُتَصَدِّعًا مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
21 If We had sent down this Qur’an upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled and coming apart from fear of Allah. And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought.
SUMMARY OF TOPICS
2-4(Exile Of Jewish Tribe Of Bani Nadir, Because Of Their Opposition Towards Allah And Prophet), 5(Cutting Of Palm Trees By God’s Will), 6-10(Distribution Of Spoils: Spoils You Get Without Battle Is Not Yours, Different From Spoils As In Surah Infaal, It Is Called Fay: It Is Of Allah And His Prophet And Have Five Shares), 11-12(Hypocrites Promise/Conspiracy With People Of Book And Bani Nadir), 12-14(God Tells Believers that They Fear You And Cannot Fight You Even Together, They Have Division In-between), 16( Hypocrites Are Like The Example Of Satan/ Devil When He Says To Man, “Disbelieve.” But When He Disbelieves, He Says, “Indeed, I Am Disassociated From You), 21(If Quran Sent On A Mountain, You Would Have Seen It Humbled And Coming Apart From Fear Of Allah), 23-24(Glory Be To God: 17 Seventeen Attributes Of Allah)
SURAH HASHR BRIEF COMMENTARY & BACKGROUND
This Surah has 24 verses divided into 3 Rukus/Sections. It takes its name from verse 2: هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ where the word “الْحَشْرِ” “Hashr” meaning exile appears, describing the removal of Jewish Bani Nadir tribe from their settlements. This is a Madani Surah revealed after the banishment of Bani Nadir from Madinah which happened after the Battle of Uhud in the 4th year AH.
This Surah is also called الْمُسَبِّحَاتِ Surah as it begins with the glorification of Allah. The collective name of الْمُسَبِّحَاتِ assigns to the following 6 Surahs Hadid, Hashr, Saff, Jumuah, Taghabun and Surah Ala.
Verses 1-5 are regarding the battle of Bani Nadir, Verse 6-10 related to the spoils, controversies of the land of Fadak and the law concerning the lands and properties which came under the control as it was the first time