Table Of Contents

Meet the Key Figures in Surah Anbiya: Roles, Significance & Takeaways

This Character Compendium provides a definitive resource on the prophets, figures, and archetypes within Surah Al-Anbiya, the 21st chapter of the Holy Qur’an. Aptly named “The Prophets,” this Makkan Surah serves as a powerful reassurance to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ by presenting a grand procession of his noble predecessors. It highlights the unified message of all prophets—the call to the absolute Oneness of God (Tawhid)—and the similar patterns of rejection they faced. The central theme is that despite the heedlessness of mankind, Allah’s mercy, justice, and ultimate victory for His righteous servants are inevitable. Each card delves into the specific portrayal of these figures within this Surah, extracting the timeless lessons from their struggles, prayers, and triumphs.

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Adh-Dhikr (The Reminder)

Brief Biography / Background

Adh-Dhikr, The Reminder, is a primary name for the divine revelations sent to humanity. It refers to the scriptures that remind people of their Creator, their purpose, and their covenant with God. In this Surah, it refers to both the Qur’an and the scriptures given to previous prophets.

Role in the Surah

The Reminder is presented as the ultimate source of honor and the means by which the righteous will inherit the earth. Allah states, “And We have already written in the book of Psalms (Zabur) after the [previous] reminder [the Torah] that the earth [in Paradise] is inherited by My righteous servants.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:105). The Surah begins by lamenting that people turn away from every new “reminder” that comes to them. The message is clear: all prophets brought the same essential Reminder.

Personality & Attributes

Adh-Dhikr is the archetype of divine truth, guidance, and a source of honor. It is the repository of Allah’s eternal law. The Surah commands the people to “ask the people of the Reminder” (Ahl al-Dhikr) if they do not know, establishing the scripture and its learned followers as the primary source of knowledge.

Major Lessons & Morals

• All divine scriptures, from the Torah and Psalms to the Qur’an, carry the same core Reminder of monotheism.
• True honor and ultimate inheritance of the earth are for those who adhere to the principles laid out in the divine Reminder.
• When in doubt about matters of faith, one must consult the people of knowledge who are masters of the scripture.

Supporting References

The continuity of the “Reminder” from one scripture to the next is a core theme. The verse about the Zabur confirms a universal principle found across revelations: the final victory and inheritance belong not to the arrogant and powerful, but to the humble and righteous servants of God.

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Al-Ghafilun (The Heedless)

Brief Biography / Background

Al-Ghafilun, the heedless, is the archetype of humanity in its state of distraction and forgetfulness regarding its ultimate purpose and accountability. They are engrossed in the play and amusement of the world, unaware of the approaching Day of Reckoning.

Role in the Surah

The Surah opens with a powerful and striking indictment of this group. “Their reckoning has drawn near to the people, while they, in heedlessness, are turning away. No reminder comes to them anew from their Lord except that they listen to it while they are at play, with their hearts distracted.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:1-3). Their heedlessness is not a passive state but an active “turning away.” They treat the most serious of matters—divine revelation—as a form of entertainment.

Personality & Attributes

The Heedless are characterized by their distraction, lack of seriousness, and spiritual immaturity. Their hearts are “distracted” (lahiyatan qulubuhum), engaged in trivial pursuits while their eternal fate hangs in the balance. They are the primary audience for the Surah’s wake-up call.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Heedlessness (ghaflah) is a dangerous spiritual disease that prevents a person from benefiting from divine reminders.
• A believer must constantly struggle against the distractions of the world and approach the Qur’an with a serious and attentive heart.
• The Day of Reckoning is drawing nearer with every passing moment, and it is the height of folly to be unprepared for it.

Supporting References

The opening verses set a tone of urgency for the entire Surah. The problem is not that guidance has not come, but that the intended recipients are too busy playing to take it seriously. The rest of the Surah, with its stories of prophets and the finality of judgment, is the divine cure for this state of heedlessness.

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Al-Wa’d al-Haqq (The True Promise)

Brief Biography / Background

Al-Wa’d al-Haqq, the True Promise, is a Qur’anic term for the Day of Judgment. It is called the “True Promise” because it is the one promise of Allah that is absolutely certain to come to pass, upon which the fates of all of creation depend.

Role in the Surah

The True Promise is mentioned in a chilling description of the moment of resurrection. When this moment arrives, the heedlessness of the disbelievers will be shattered in an instant. “And [when] the true promise has approached, then suddenly the eyes of those who disbelieved will be staring [in horror, saying], ‘O woe to us! We were certainly in heedlessness of this; rather, we were wrongdoers.'” (Al-Anbiya, 21:97). Their denial will instantly transform into a horrified confession of their sin and neglect.

Personality & Attributes

The True Promise is the archetype of absolute certainty, inescapable reality, and final justice. It is the moment when all illusions are dispelled and the truth of Allah’s warnings becomes the only reality. It is the ultimate deadline for all of humanity.

Major Lessons & Morals

• A believer must live with the certainty that the Day of Judgment is a “True Promise” that will inevitably come.
• The shock and regret of the disbelievers on that Day will be immense. One should strive to be among those who are prepared, not those who are surprised.
• On that Day, all excuses will vanish, and the wrongdoers will have no choice but to confess their own guilt.

Supporting References

This verse is placed immediately after the mention of the release of Gog and Magog, one of the final signs of the end times. The sequence implies that once these great signs begin to unfold, the arrival of the “True Promise” will be swift and sudden, catching the heedless completely off guard.

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Al-Zalimun (The Wrongdoers)

Brief Biography / Background

Al-Zalimun, the wrongdoers, is a comprehensive term for those who transgress divine limits, whether through disbelief, idolatry, or injustice. They are the ones who have wronged their own souls by choosing a path that leads to ruin.

Role in the Surah

The Zalimun are mentioned repeatedly as the inhabitants of the towns that were destroyed. The Surah describes their state when punishment befell them: “And how many a city which was unjust have We shattered and produced after it another people. And when they perceived Our punishment, at once they fled from it.” (21:11-12). They are the ones who confess their sin only when it is too late. The Prophet Yunus is also mentioned as having thought Allah would not decree a difficult situation for him, and in his prayer of repentance, he declares himself to have been among the “wrongdoers.”

Personality & Attributes

The Wrongdoers are characterized by their arrogance in times of ease and their cowardly terror in times of punishment. They are heedless of warnings until the moment of destruction, at which point their only instinct is to flee, an action that is utterly futile. They are the epitome of those who learn their lesson only after the exam is over.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Wrongdoing and injustice are the primary causes for the destruction of civilizations.
• Confession and regret are of no use once the punishment of Allah has begun to descend.
• Even a prophet, in a moment of human error, can recognize his own potential for wrongdoing and must turn immediately to Allah in repentance, as Yunus did.

Supporting References

The divine response to their attempt to flee is a powerful taunt: “‘Do not flee but return to where you were given luxury and to your homes – perhaps you will be questioned.'” (21:13). This rhetorical statement highlights the foolishness of their attachment to the worldly things that were the cause of their heedlessness.

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Allah (The One God)

Brief Biography / Background

Allah is the proper name of the One, True God, the sole Creator and Sustainer of the universe. Surah Al-Anbiya is a powerful testament to His Oneness, His mercy towards His prophets, and His absolute power as the ultimate Judge and Inheritor of all creation.

Role in the Surah

Allah is the central reality in the Surah. He is the one who sends all the messengers with the single message: “And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that, ‘There is no deity except Me, so worship Me.'” (21:25). He is the Lord who responds to the desperate calls of His prophets: Nuh, Ayyub, Yunus, and Zakariyya. He is the one who made the fire cool for Ibrahim. He is the just Judge who created the heavens and earth with truth and not for play. He is the ultimate Inheritor, Al-Warithun, to whom all things will return.

Personality & Attributes

This Surah magnificently illustrates Allah’s attributes:

• Ar-Rahman (The Most Merciful): His mercy is evident in His response to the prayers of all the prophets.
• Al-Qadir (The All-Powerful): He commands nature (fire, wind, mountains) and has power over life and death.
• Al-Hakam (The Judge): His judgment is swift and just, and His True Promise will surely come to pass.
• Al-Wahid (The One): The core of the message delivered by every single prophet.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The foundation of all religion is the absolute Oneness of God and the imperative to worship Him alone.
• Allah is a personal God who hears and responds to the sincere supplications of His servants, especially in times of distress.
• Despite the diversity of the prophets and their stories, the source of their strength and the essence of their message is one and the same.

Supporting References

The Surah’s structure, a procession of prophetic stories, serves to build a cumulative case for the Oneness of God. Each story is a new piece of evidence demonstrating that there is only one merciful, all-powerful Lord who has been guiding humanity since the beginning of time.

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Angels, The (Mala’ikah)

Brief Biography / Background

The Angels (Mala’ikah) are beings created from light, whose nature is to be perfectly obedient to Allah. They are engaged in constant, tireless worship and carry out the commands of their Lord throughout the universe.

Role in the Surah

The Angels are presented as the ultimate model of perpetual worshippers, a direct refutation of the polytheists’ claim that God might have taken heavenly “offspring” who might get tired of worship. The Surah states: “And to Him belongs whoever is in the heavens and the earth. And those near Him [the angels] are not prevented by arrogance from His worship, nor do they tire. They exalt [Him] night and day [and] do not slacken.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:19-20).

Personality & Attributes

The Angels are the archetype of the perfect, tireless, and humble worshipper. They are characterized by their complete lack of arrogance and their constant, unceasing glorification of Allah. Their worship is not a burden but their very nature.

Major Lessons & Morals

• True closeness to God is manifested in humble and constant worship.
• The human need for rest and the feeling of fatigue is a sign of our created nature, whereas God’s closest servants worship Him without any such limitations.

* The angels’ example should inspire believers to strive in their own worship, recognizing it as the greatest of honors.

Supporting References

This description serves as a powerful theological argument against the idea of divine partners or children. The argument is that any being that needs rest or could potentially tire is, by definition, a created being and not divine. Only the One, Self-Sufficient Creator is above such needs.

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Ayyub (Job) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Ayyub (عليه السلام) was a righteous and wealthy prophet who is remembered for his legendary patience. He was tested by Allah with the severe loss of his wealth, his children, and his own health, yet he never despaired and remained a steadfast servant of God.

Role in the Surah

His story is presented with beautiful brevity as a powerful lesson in patience and the mercy of Allah. He is mentioned calling out to his Lord in a state of extreme distress: “And [mention] Job, when he called to his Lord, ‘Indeed, adversity has touched me, and you are the most merciful of the merciful.'” (Al-Anbiya, 21:83). Allah’s response was immediate and overwhelming: “So We responded to him and removed what afflicted him of adversity. And We gave him [back] his family and the like thereof with them as a mercy from Us and a reminder for the worshippers.” (21:84).

Personality & Attributes

Ayyub is the ultimate archetype of The Patient Servant (As-Sabir). His prayer is a model of perfect etiquette (adab); he does not complain or demand, but simply states his condition and affirms Allah’s supreme mercy. He is characterized by his profound patience, humility, and unwavering faith.

Major Lessons & Morals

• In times of extreme hardship, turn to Allah with a prayer that affirms His mercy rather than complaining about your own state.
• The reward for patience is immense; Allah not only removes the hardship but restores what was lost and multiplies it.
• The story of Ayyub is a “reminder for the worshippers” (dhikra lil-‘abidin), teaching that the path of worship is paved with tests that require beautiful patience.

Supporting References

Tafsir literature details the immense scale of his trials, which makes his patience all the more extraordinary. His story is the ultimate source of solace for anyone undergoing a severe personal test, demonstrating that relief from Allah is near and the reward for patient endurance is beyond measure.

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Birds that Praised Allah, The

Brief Biography / Background

These are the birds (al-tayr) that were miraculously commanded by Allah to join Prophet Dawud (David) (عليه السلام) in his glorification and praise of God. This was one of the special miracles bestowed upon Dawud as a sign of his honor.

Role in the Surah

The birds are mentioned as participants in a grand chorus of divine praise, led by a prophet. Allah says, “And We subjected the mountains to exalt [Us], along with David, and [also] the birds. And it was We who were the doer [of that].” (Al-Anbiya, 21:79). Their role is to demonstrate that all of creation is in a state of worship, and that Allah can make this worship audible and manifest as a miracle for His chosen servants.

Personality & Attributes

The Birds are an archetype of creation in harmony with divine praise. They represent the principle that tasbih (glorification of God) is a universal phenomenon in which all creatures, animate and inanimate, participate by the command of their Lord.

Major Lessons & Morals

• All of creation worships and glorifies Allah, even if we do not understand their mode of praise.
• When a human being engages in the sincere remembrance of Allah, the creation around them can be made to join in this chorus.
• The miracles given to the prophets are a testament to their high rank and the power of their Creator.

Supporting References

The story of the mountains and birds praising with Dawud is a beautiful illustration of the interconnectedness of a righteous human and the natural world. His beautiful recitation of the Zabur (Psalms) was so powerful that Allah commanded the very mountains and birds to echo his glorification, creating a symphony of universal praise.

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Dawud (David) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Dawud (عليه السلام) was a righteous prophet and a just king of the Children of Israel. He was known for his wisdom, his beautiful recitation of the Zabur (Psalms), his bravery, and the special miracles Allah bestowed upon him, including the ability to soften iron.

Role in the Surah

Dawud is mentioned alongside his son, Sulayman, as an example of a prophet who was granted “judgment and knowledge.” The Surah recounts a specific incident where they judged a case concerning sheep that had grazed in a field, with Sulayman reaching a wiser, more comprehensive judgment. Allah praises both but highlights Sulayman’s deeper understanding. Dawud is also mentioned as the one for whom Allah subjected the mountains and birds to join in his praise, and the one who was taught the craft of making coats of mail to protect his people in battle.

Personality & Attributes

Dawud is the archetype of the wise judge and the devoted worshipper. He is characterized by his wisdom and his constant glorification of Allah. He is also portrayed as a practical leader who used his God-given knowledge (metallurgy) for the benefit and protection of his community.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Judgment and knowledge are special gifts from Allah that He bestows upon His chosen servants.
• Even a great prophet can learn from the wisdom of another, including his own son.
• Divine gifts should be used for practical benefit, such as ensuring the safety and security of the community.

Supporting References

The story of the judgment is a lesson in justice. Dawud’s initial judgment was likely based on strict liability, while Sulayman’s was based on restorative justice, a solution that compensated the field owner without bankrupting the sheep owner. Allah’s statement, “and to each We gave judgment and knowledge,” shows that both were valid attempts at justice, but that a deeper wisdom can sometimes lead to a better outcome.

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Devils who worked for Sulayman, The

Brief Biography / Background

These were the Shayatin or Jinn who were made subservient to the command of Prophet Sulayman (Solomon) (عليه السلام). This was one of the unique and unprecedented miracles given to him as part of his vast kingdom.

Role in the Surah

They are mentioned as part of the forces that Allah subjected to Sulayman. Their specific tasks are described: “And of the devils were those who dived for him and did other work besides that. And it was We who were their guardian.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:82). Their role was to perform difficult tasks that were beyond human capability, such as deep-sea diving (likely for pearls and other treasures) and other major construction or craft works. Allah Himself was the one who kept these powerful and rebellious creatures in check.

Personality & Attributes

These Devils are an archetype of a powerful and rebellious force brought into complete submission by divine will. They represent the principle that all forces in the universe, even the most chaotic and malevolent, are ultimately under the absolute control of Allah and can be made to serve His righteous servants if He wills.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Allah’s power is absolute; He can subjugate any of His creation for the purpose He desires.
• The story of Sulayman’s control over the Jinn is a unique miracle and a sign of the immense power of his kingdom.
• It is Allah who is the ultimate guardian; even when using powerful forces, a believer’s reliance must be on God to keep those forces in check.

Supporting References

This miracle is a testament to the prayer of Sulayman, mentioned in another Surah, where he asked for a kingdom that would not be fitting for anyone after him. Part of the answer to that prayer was this unique authority over the forces of the Jinn, a power that no other human has ever been granted.

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Dha-Nun (Yunus/Jonah) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Dha-Nun, meaning “The Man of the Fish,” is the title given in this Surah to the Prophet Yunus (Jonah) (عليه السلام). He was a prophet sent to the people of Nineveh. He is known for his story of leaving his people in anger, being swallowed by a great fish, and then calling out to Allah from the depths of the darkness.

Role in the Surah

His story is presented as a powerful lesson in repentance and the mercy of Allah. He is described as the one who “went off in anger, thinking that We would not decree عليه a difficult situation.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:87). From within the triple darkness of the night, the sea, and the fish’s belly, he called out with one of the most famous prayers in the Qur’an: “There is no deity except You; exalted are You. Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers.” Allah’s response was immediate: “So We responded to him and saved him from the distress. And thus do We save the believers.”

Personality & Attributes

Yunus is the archetype of the sincere repentant who finds salvation through sincere admission of his fault. His story shows a moment of human anger and impatience, followed by a profound realization of his error and a perfect supplication. His prayer is a model of humility and the acknowledgment of God’s absolute perfection and one’s own imperfection.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The prayer of Yunus is a powerful and effective supplication for any believer in a state of distress.
• Acknowledging one’s own wrongdoing is the first and most crucial step in sincere repentance.
• Allah’s salvation is a promise for all believers who call upon Him with the same sincerity as Yunus.

Supporting References

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said that no Muslim says this supplication for anything, except that Allah will answer his prayer. The story’s concluding sentence, “And thus do We save the believers,” universalizes the lesson, turning the personal salvation of one prophet into a universal principle of hope for every member of the faith.

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Dhul-Kifl `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Dhul-Kifl (عليه السلام) is a prophet mentioned in the Qur’an who is honored for his patience and righteousness. His exact identity has been a subject of scholarly discussion, with some linking him to biblical figures like Ezekiel or even the Buddha (in a minority view), but his Qur’anic persona is what is established.

Role in the Surah

Dhul-Kifl is mentioned in a group of prophets who are all praised for their shared, core quality of patience. “And [mention] Isma’il and Idris and Dhul-Kifl; all were of the patient. And We admitted them into Our mercy. Indeed, they were of the righteous.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:85-86). His role is to be an example of steadfastness and to be counted among the righteous who earned Allah’s mercy through their perseverance.

Personality & Attributes

Dhul-Kifl is the archetype of the patient and righteous servant. His name itself, which can mean “Possessor of the Portion” or “Possessor of the Guarantee,” is often interpreted as referring to his guarantee to uphold certain acts of worship or his large portion of divine reward due to his piety and patience.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Patience (sabr) is a foundational quality of all prophets and righteous people.
• The entry into Allah’s mercy is a direct result of being patient and righteous.
• One should strive to be counted among the “Sabirin” (the patient ones) to earn this great reward.

Supporting References

While his story is not detailed in the Qur’an, his inclusion in this “honor roll” of prophets is sufficient to establish his high rank. He is grouped with Isma’il, known for his patience in the trial of the sacrifice, and Idris, known for his piety, showing that Dhul-Kifl was a man of similar spiritual stature.

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Disbelievers, The (Al-Kafirun)

Brief Biography / Background

Al-Kafirun, the disbelievers, are those who reject the truth of Allah’s Oneness and the message of His prophets. In the context of this Surah, they are the heedless people of Makkah who mock the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and treat the revelation as a joke.

Role in the Surah

The disbelievers are the ones whose reckoning is “drawing near” while they remain in heedless play. They are the ones who dismiss the Prophet as a mere mortal, a sorcerer, or a poet with “muddled dreams.” They challenge him to bring a physical sign like the former prophets. The Surah exposes their fundamental flaw: “Did the disbelievers not see that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them…?” (21:30). Their role is to be the willfully blind who ignore the spectacular signs in the universe while demanding lesser ones.

Personality & Attributes

The Disbelievers are characterized by their heedlessness, mockery, materialism, and intellectual dishonesty. They are inconsistent in their demands and refuse to engage with the profound rational arguments presented in the Qur’an, preferring instead to issue arrogant challenges.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Heedlessness is the greatest barrier to faith.
• The signs of Allah in the creation of the universe are far greater and more profound than any physical miracle a prophet could perform on demand.
• Mockery and ridicule are the weapons of those who have no sound argument against the truth.

Supporting References

The Surah repeatedly challenges their worldview. It asks them if they think the universe was created for “play,” and it warns them of the fate of previous towns of disbelievers who were shattered for their wrongdoing. Their story is a timeless warning against the dangers of ignoring the clear proofs of God.

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Fire made Cool for Ibrahim, The

Brief Biography / Background

This was the great, raging fire prepared by the people of Prophet Ibrahim (عليه السلام) to execute him for the crime of smashing their idols. It was intended to be his funeral pyre, but by the command of Allah, it became the site of one of his greatest miracles.

Role in the Surah

The Fire’s role is to be the instrument of a failed execution and a profound divine sign. After Ibrahim smashed the idols, his people, in a fit of rage, decreed, “Burn him and support your gods, if you are to act.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:68). They threw him into the blaze, but at that moment, Allah issued a direct command to the fire itself: “We said, ‘O fire, be coolness and safety upon Abraham.'” (Al-Anbiya, 21:69). The very nature of the fire was changed by the command of its Creator.

Personality & Attributes

The Fire is an archetype of a powerful and destructive force rendered completely submissive to the divine will. It represents the principle that all of creation, including the fundamental laws of physics, are under the absolute command of Allah. It became an agent of “coolness and safety” (bardan wa salaman) instead of burning and destruction.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The entire universe and all its forces are under the direct command of Allah.
• When a believer places their complete trust in Allah, He can save them from a threat in the most miraculous of ways.
• The same thing that is a source of destruction for the wicked can be made a source of safety for the righteous by Allah’s decree.

Supporting References

This miracle is a powerful demonstration of Tawhid. It proves that the forces of nature are not independent but are “Muslim” (in submission) to their Lord. The fire did not cease to be fire, but its property of burning was suspended for Ibrahim by the command of the one who created that property in the first place.

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Harun (Aaron) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Harun (عليه السلام) was the brother of Prophet Musa (عليه السلام) and a prophet of Allah in his own right. He was granted prophethood as a mercy from Allah and as an answer to Musa’s prayer to have a helper from his family to share in his great task.

Role in the Surah

Harun is mentioned alongside his brother Musa as a recipient of Allah’s favor and the “Criterion” (Al-Furqan), which refers to the Torah. Allah says, “And We had already given Moses and Aaron the Criterion and a light and a reminder for the righteous.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:48). His role is to be a co-recipient of the scripture and a partner in the mission to guide the Children of Israel. He is part of the united prophetic front sent to them.

Personality & Attributes

Harun is the archetype of the righteous partner and supportive brother. He is characterized by his piety and his role as a fellow bearer of the divine light of revelation. His mention alongside Musa emphasizes the theme of prophetic brotherhood and mutual support.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The burden of conveying the divine message is often shared, and righteous companionship is a great mercy from Allah.
• The divine scripture is a multi-faceted blessing: it is a “Criterion” to distinguish right from wrong, a “light” to illuminate the path, and a “reminder” for the pious.
• All prophets are brothers in a single mission, and their stories reinforce one another.

Supporting References

While other Surahs detail his specific roles and dialogues, his mention in Surah Al-Anbiya is as part of the grand procession of prophets. He is honored as a recipient of the Book and a guide for the righteous, cementing his high status as a messenger of God.

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Heavens and Earth, The (As a joined entity)

Brief Biography / Background

The Heavens and the Earth (Al-Samawat wal-Ard) are the two grand domains of the created cosmos. Surah Al-Anbiya presents a unique and powerful description of their primordial state, before they took their current form.

Role in the Surah

Their origin is presented as a direct and stunning proof of creation, aimed squarely at the disbelievers. The Surah poses a powerful rhetorical question: “Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity (ratqan), and We separated them and made from water every living thing? Then will they not believe?” (Al-Anbiya, 21:30). Their role is to be a spectacular cosmic sign of the Creator’s power, a testament to a singular, cataclysmic act of creation.

Personality & Attributes

The Heavens and Earth are an archetype of primordial unity and divinely-ordered separation. They represent a cosmic sign that is accessible to human reason and scientific inquiry. The description of them as a “joined entity” that was “split apart” (fataqnahuma) is a profound statement about the origin of the universe.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The very origin of the universe is a sign that should be sufficient to convince a rational person of the existence of a powerful Creator.
• The origin of all life from water is another universal sign of God’s creative power.
• Disbelief is not due to a lack of evidence, but a failure to “consider” or reflect upon the clear signs that are all around us.

Supporting References

This verse is one of the most celebrated “scientific miracles” of the Qur’an. The description of the universe beginning as a single, joined entity (ratqan) that was then split apart is strikingly parallel to the modern scientific theory of the Big Bang, which posits that the universe began from a single singularity. This level of cosmological insight is considered a proof of the Qur’an’s divine origin.

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Ibrahim (Abraham) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Ibrahim (عليه السلام), the Friend of Allah, is one of the greatest messengers of God. He is a central figure in Islam, celebrated for his pure monotheism, his courageous stand against the idolatry of his nation, and his complete submission to Allah’s will.

Role in the Surah

The story of Ibrahim is narrated in detail as a prime example of a prophet challenging the falsehood of his people. He confronts his father and his people with logical arguments against their idols. When they fail to reason, he takes direct action: “So he made them into fragments, except for the largest of them, that they might return to it.” (21:58). In the subsequent trial, he brilliantly uses their own logic against them, proving the idols’ powerlessness. For this act of defiance, he is thrown into a great fire, from which Allah miraculously saves him. He is the ultimate challenger of shirk.

Personality & Attributes

Ibrahim is the archetype of the courageous, intelligent, and uncompromising monotheist. He is characterized by his wisdom, his sharp wit in debate, his bravery in the face of overwhelming opposition, and his absolute trust in Allah. He is a complete “Ummah” (nation) in himself, standing for the truth when no one else would.

Major Lessons & Morals

• A believer must use both wisdom and courage to challenge falsehood.
• The arguments for idolatry are fundamentally weak and cannot stand up to logical scrutiny.
• When one stands for the truth, even if they are completely alone, Allah’s help and protection will be with them.

Supporting References

His act of leaving the largest idol intact and then sarcastically suggesting the people should “ask him” what happened is a masterclass in debate. It forced his people to admit, with their own tongues, the powerlessness of the very objects they worshipped, leaving them with no logical ground to stand on.

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Ibrahim’s People

Brief Biography / Background

Ibrahim’s People were the community in which Prophet Ibrahim (عليه السلام) was raised. They were a sophisticated civilization but were deeply entrenched in idolatry and the worship of celestial bodies, a practice supported by their ruler and even Ibrahim’s own father.

Role in the Surah

Their role is that of the blind followers of tradition who respond to rational argument with rage and violence. When Ibrahim confronts them about their worship, their only defense is tradition: “They said, ‘We found our fathers worshippers of them.'” (21:53). After Ibrahim smashes their idols and exposes their foolishness in a public trial, they abandon all pretense of reason and resort to brute force. Their collective cry is, “Burn him and support your gods, if you are to act!” (21:68). They are the architects of the great fire from which Allah saves Ibrahim.

Personality & Attributes

They are an archetype of a community characterized by blind imitation (taqlid), intellectual bankruptcy, and violent intolerance. They are unable to defend their beliefs with reason, so they defend them with fire. They represent a society that has lost its moral and intellectual compass.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Blindly following the traditions of one’s ancestors is not a valid justification for falsehood.
• When people have no sound argument for their beliefs, they often resort to violence and oppression.

* The story is a powerful warning against the dangers of groupthink and the refusal to question inherited traditions.

Supporting References

Their desire to “support your gods” is deeply ironic. It highlights the upside-down nature of idolatry, where powerful human beings feel the need to come to the aid of their supposedly powerful, but in reality helpless, deities.

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Idris (Enoch) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Idris (عليه السلام) is a prophet honored in the Qur’an for his righteousness and patience. He is often identified with the biblical Enoch, and is traditionally believed to have been an ancestor of Prophet Nuh. He was known for his wisdom and piety.

Role in the Surah

Idris is mentioned in the procession of prophets, grouped with others who shared the core quality of patience. “And [mention] Isma’il and Idris and Dhul-Kifl; all were of the patient. And We admitted them into Our mercy. Indeed, they were of the righteous.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:85-86). His role is to serve as an example of steadfastness and to be counted among the elite group of prophets who earned Allah’s mercy through their beautiful patience.

Personality & Attributes

Idris is the archetype of the patient and righteous prophet. Though his story is not detailed in this Surah, his inclusion in this specific group defines him by this exalted characteristic. Being patient, being admitted into Allah’s mercy, and being righteous are presented as an inseparable trio of qualities.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Patience is a universal and defining characteristic of all the prophets of God.
• The mercy of Allah is the ultimate reward for a life of patience and righteousness.
• Even prophets whose stories are not detailed in the Qur’an are honored and presented as role models for the believers.

Supporting References

In another Surah (Maryam), Idris is described as a “man of truth” (Siddiq) whom Allah “raised to a high station.” Both Surahs together paint a picture of a prophet of immense piety, truthfulness, and patience, who was granted a special rank by his Lord.

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‘Isa (Jesus) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

‘Isa (عليه السلام) was one of the greatest messengers of Allah, born miraculously to the Virgin Maryam. He was sent to the Children of Israel with the Injil (Gospel) and was supported with numerous miracles. His story is often mentioned to affirm the power of Allah and to correct the false doctrines that arose about his nature.

Role in the Surah

He is mentioned alongside his mother, Maryam, as a profound sign for all of humanity. After recounting Maryam’s story of chastity, the Surah says, “And [mention] the one who guarded her chastity, so We breathed into her through Our spirit, and We made her and her son a sign for the worlds.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:91). Their story together—a chaste virgin and her miraculously born son—constitutes a single, powerful “sign” (ayah) of Allah’s limitless creative power.

Personality & Attributes

‘Isa is the archetype of the miraculous sign of God. He is a testament to Allah’s ability to create as He wills, defying the normal patterns of human procreation. His existence is a proof against those who limit the power of God. He is a symbol of the creative “word” of Allah.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The miraculous birth of Jesus is a sign of God’s power for all people, for all time.
• The honor of ‘Isa is inextricably linked to the purity and chastity of his mother, Maryam.

* Contemplating their story should lead a person to recognize that the God who could create a child without a father can surely do anything He wills, including resurrecting the dead.

Supporting References

The verse beautifully presents them not as two separate signs, but as a single, unified “sign for the worlds.” This emphasizes the inseparable nature of their miraculous story. One cannot be understood without the other. They are a joint testament to the power of Ar-Rahman.

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Isma’il (Ishmael) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Isma’il (عليه السلام) was the firstborn son of Prophet Ibrahim (عليه السلام) and a noble prophet of Allah. He is renowned for his patience, especially during the great trial of the sacrifice, and is the ancestor of the Arabs and the final Prophet, Muhammad ﷺ.

Role in the Surah

Isma’il is mentioned in the honor roll of prophets, specifically highlighted for his great patience. He is grouped with Idris and Dhul-Kifl: “And [mention] Isma’il and Idris and Dhul-Kifl; all were of the patient.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:85). His role is to be a primary example of the virtue of Sabr (patience), a quality that earned him entry into Allah’s mercy and a place among the righteous.

Personality & Attributes

Isma’il is the archetype of the patient and submissive servant. His defining quality in this context is his beautiful patience, a virtue he demonstrated throughout his life, from being left with his mother in the barren valley of Makkah to his willingness to be sacrificed in accordance with his father’s dream.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Patience is a key characteristic of the prophets and is a primary means of attaining the mercy of Allah.
• A believer should look to the example of prophets like Isma’il when facing their own trials and tests.
• Being counted among “the patient” is one of the greatest spiritual stations one can achieve.

Supporting References

While this Surah does not detail his stories, his very name evokes the image of steadfastness. By grouping him with other prophets of patience, the Surah emphasizes that this quality is a universal thread that runs through the lives of all of God’s chosen servants.

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Lut (Lot) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Lut (عليه السلام) was a prophet of Allah and the nephew of Prophet Ibrahim (عليه السلام). He was sent to the people of Sodom and Gomorrah, a community that had become infamous for their sexual perversion and corruption.

Role in the Surah

Lut is mentioned as one of the prophets to whom Allah gave “judgment and knowledge” and whom He saved from a wicked city. “And to Lot We gave judgment and knowledge, and We saved him from the city that was committing wicked deeds. Indeed, they were a people of evil, defiantly disobedient. And We admitted him into Our mercy. Indeed, he was of the righteous.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:74-75). His story here is one of divine selection, wisdom, and ultimate salvation from a corrupt environment.

Personality & Attributes

Lut is the archetype of the righteous man in a corrupt society. He is characterized by his wisdom and his steadfastness in the face of overwhelming depravity. He is a man who was admitted into Allah’s special mercy because of his refusal to be tainted by the evil of his people.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Allah grants special wisdom and judgment to His chosen messengers to help them navigate their difficult missions.
• It is possible to be righteous even when living in a wicked and corrupt society.

* Allah will ultimately save His righteous servants from the punishment that befalls the wicked.

Supporting References

His story, presented immediately after the story of Ibrahim’s salvation from the fire, creates a parallel. Both prophets were saved from the evil of their people: Ibrahim was saved *from* the punishment (the fire), while Lut was saved *out of* the punishment (the destruction of the city). Both are examples of divine protection for the righteous.

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Maryam (Mary) `عليها السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Maryam (عليها السلام), Mary, is the pure and chaste virgin mother of Prophet ‘Isa (عليه السلام). She is the only woman mentioned by name in the Qur’an and is held up as the ultimate example of female piety, chastity, and submission to God. An entire Surah is named after her.

Role in the Surah

Maryam is mentioned as the “one who guarded her chastity,” the vessel for one of Allah’s greatest miracles. The Surah honors her as an integral part of the “sign” of Jesus’s birth. “And [mention] the one who guarded her chastity (ahsanat farjaha), so We breathed into her through Our spirit, and We made her and her son a sign for the worlds.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:91). Her role is that of the pure and chaste woman whose piety made her worthy of receiving this unique honor from Allah.

Personality & Attributes

Maryam is the archetype of perfect chastity, piety, and submission. Her defining quality mentioned in this verse is her meticulous guarding of her modesty and purity. She is a symbol of female righteousness and a testament to the high honor women can achieve through piety.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Chastity and modesty are virtues of the highest honor in the sight of Allah.
• Allah chooses the purest of vessels for His greatest signs and miracles.
• The story of Maryam and her son ‘Isa is a universal sign of God’s creative power, meant for all of humanity.

Supporting References

The phrase “guarded her chastity” is a powerful testament to her lifelong commitment to purity. It was because of this established piety that Allah chose her for this unprecedented miracle, and it is why He defends her honor so powerfully throughout the Qur’an.

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Messengers, The (Rusul)

Brief Biography / Background

The Messengers (Rusul) are the specific prophets chosen by Allah to deliver a divine law or scripture to a particular nation. They are the leaders of the prophetic tradition, and their message is always one and the same at its core.

Role in the Surah

The Messengers are presented as a unified whole, all carrying a single, core message. The Surah makes a definitive statement about the essence of their collective mission: “And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that, ‘There is no deity except Me, so worship Me.'” (Al-Anbiya, 21:25). They are also described as being mortal men who ate food, refuting the disbelievers’ objection that a prophet should be an angel. The Surah affirms that Allah’s promise of victory to them was always fulfilled.

Personality & Attributes

The Messengers are the archetype of the unified brotherhood of monotheism. They represent the consistency and universality of the divine truth. They are characterized by their humanity, their commitment to their singular message, and their status as recipients of Allah’s promised victory.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The core message of every single messenger throughout history has been the message of Tawhid: the exclusive worship of the One God.
• Prophets are human beings, chosen from mankind to be relatable and practical guides.
• Despite the initial struggles and rejection, the ultimate victory is always for the messengers of Allah and their followers.

Supporting References

The statement in verse 21:25 is one of the most powerful declarations of the unity of religion (din) in the Qur’an. It refutes the idea that the prophets brought different religions; rather, they all brought the same religion of submission (Islam) with laws (shari’ah) that were suited to their specific times and peoples.

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Mountains that Praised Allah, The

Brief Biography / Background

These are the mountains (al-jibal) that, by a special miracle from Allah, were made to join Prophet Dawud (David) (عليه السلام) in his glorification of God. They represent the inanimate world participating in active, conscious worship.

Role in the Surah

The mountains are mentioned as a sign of the honor given to Dawud and a proof of Allah’s absolute power over His creation. “And We subjected the mountains to exalt [Us], along with David, and [also] the birds. And it was We who were the doer [of that].” (Al-Anbiya, 21:79). Their role is to be a responsive part of creation, echoing the beautiful praise of a righteous prophet and forming a grand, natural orchestra of glorification.

Personality & Attributes

The Mountains are an archetype of submissive creation and resonant praise. They symbolize the principle that the entire universe is in a state of worship, and that this worship can be made manifest as a miracle. They are the mighty, solid chorus to Dawud’s melodious praise.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The entire universe, including what we perceive as inanimate objects, is in a state of submission and praise to its Creator.
• The sincere remembrance of a believer can have a powerful effect on the world around them.

* The miracles of Allah are not limited by our understanding of the laws of nature.

Supporting References

This miracle is a beautiful illustration of the harmony between the righteous human being and the cosmos. When a servant like Dawud devoted himself to the praise of his Lord with a beautiful voice, his Lord honored him by making the most solid and majestic parts of the landscape join him in his song.

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Musa (Moses) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Musa (عليه السلام) is one of the greatest messengers of Allah, sent to the Children of Israel with the Torah. His story is one of struggle against the greatest tyrant of his time, Pharaoh, and his life is filled with spectacular miracles and profound lessons.

Role in the Surah

Musa is mentioned as part of the grand procession of prophets who were all upon the same path of monotheism. He and his brother Harun are highlighted as recipients of the “Criterion” (Al-Furqan – the Torah), which was a “light and a reminder for the righteous.” “And We had already given Moses and Aaron the Criterion and a light and a reminder for the righteous.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:48). His story is presented as a historical proof of Allah sending guidance and a scripture that distinguishes truth from falsehood.

Personality & Attributes

Musa is the archetype of the prophet who brings the Law. He is the bearer of the “Criterion,” a book that provides clear legal and moral guidance. He is a guide for the “righteous” (muttaqin), those who are conscious of God and fear the Hereafter.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Divine scriptures are the primary means of distinguishing right from wrong.
• The light of revelation is the only true light to guide a community out of the darkness of ignorance.

* The lessons from the Torah, like all divine books, are a reminder for those who are pious and God-conscious.

Supporting References

By mentioning Musa and Harun together, the Surah emphasizes the theme of partnership and mutual support in the prophetic mission. The scripture they brought was a comprehensive guide meant to build a righteous community based on clear principles of truth and justice.

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Nuh (Noah) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Nuh (عليه السلام) is one of the first and greatest messengers of “strong resolve.” He is known for his monumental patience, having preached to his people for 950 years in the face of mockery and stubborn disbelief. He was saved, along with the believers and pairs of animals, in the great Ark.

Role in the Surah

The story of Nuh is the first detailed prophetic narrative presented in the Surah after Ibrahim. It is a prime example of a prophet calling out to Allah in distress and being answered. “And [mention] Nuh, when he called [to Us] before, so We responded to him and saved him and his family from the great affliction. And We supported him against the people who denied Our signs.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:76-77). His story here is a concise lesson in the divine response to the prayer of the oppressed and the ultimate fate of the deniers.

Personality & Attributes

Nuh is the archetype of the persevering messenger and the one whose call is answered. He is characterized by his patience in preaching and his turning to Allah as his only source of help when his people’s rejection became absolute. He is a model of one who is saved by the mercy of God from a corrupt world.

Major Lessons & Morals

• When faced with overwhelming opposition and distress, a believer should turn to Allah in sincere supplication.
• Allah is the ultimate savior who responds to the calls of His righteous servants and rescues them from their afflictions.
• The fate of those who deny the clear signs of God is complete destruction.

Supporting References

The description of the Flood as “the great affliction” (al-karb al-‘azim) captures the immense scale of the trial he and his family faced. Their salvation was a direct and powerful response to Nuh’s heartfelt call, establishing a pattern that is repeated in the stories of the other prophets mentioned in the Surah.

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Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

Brief Biography / Background

Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) is the final messenger of Allah, to whom the Qur’an was revealed. Surah Al-Anbiya was revealed to him in Makkah to provide him with solace and to strengthen his resolve by showing him that his struggles were part of a timeless prophetic pattern.

Role in the Surah

He is the “messenger” and the “man” that the disbelievers of Makkah dismiss, saying, “Is this not but a man like yourselves?” The entire Surah is an address to him and a defense of his mission. Allah tells him that all messengers before him were also mortal men who ate food. The Surah concludes by defining his universal mission: “And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:107). This is one of the most powerful and comprehensive descriptions of his purpose.

Personality & Attributes

As the recipient of this revelation, he is the archetype of the universal mercy (Rahmatan lil-‘Alamin). His message, his character, and his law are a source of mercy for all of creation, believers and disbelievers, humans and jinn, for all time. He is the culmination and seal of the prophetic tradition of mercy.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The mission of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is a universal one, intended as a mercy for all of creation.
• The struggles faced by the Prophet were the same as those faced by all prophets before him, a sign of the authenticity of his mission.
• A believer should strive to be a reflection of this prophetic mercy in their own interactions with the world.

Supporting References

The title “a mercy to the worlds” is one of the highest honors bestowed upon the Prophet ﷺ. It means that his very existence and the guidance he brought are the greatest manifestation of God’s mercy to all realms of creation. Following him is the path to attaining that mercy.

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Righteous Servants who Inherit the Earth, The

Brief Biography / Background

The Righteous Servants (‘Ibad al-Salihun) are the archetype of the true believers who, despite often being weak and oppressed in the worldly sense, are the ones who are promised the ultimate victory and inheritance of the earth by Allah.

Role in the Surah

This group is mentioned at the end of the Surah as the recipients of a definitive and divinely-written promise. “And We have already written in the book of Psalms (Zabur) after the [previous] reminder that the earth is inherited by My righteous servants.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:105). This verse establishes an eternal principle: ultimate dominion and success belong not to the arrogant and tyrannical, but to the pious and righteous worshippers of God.

Personality & Attributes

The Righteous Servants are characterized by their piety, humility, and steadfastness in worship. They are the true ‘abidin (worshippers) who may be overlooked by the world but are honored by Allah. They are the ones who are truly deserving of stewardship of the earth.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The ultimate victory and inheritance of the earth (both in this life and, definitively, in the Hereafter) is for the righteous, not the corrupt.
• This divine promise provides hope and strength to believers who may be facing oppression, assuring them of the final outcome.
• True worth and entitlement in the sight of Allah are based on righteousness, not on worldly power, wealth, or lineage.

Supporting References

The term “the earth” (al-ard) is understood by commentators to have a dual meaning. It can refer to the earth in this world, where righteous communities are eventually given dominion, and more definitively, to the land of Paradise in the Hereafter, which is the ultimate and eternal inheritance of the believers.

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Sabirin, The (The Patient Ones)

Brief Biography / Background

As-Sabirin, the patient ones, are those who exhibit Sabr—a comprehensive virtue that includes patience, perseverance, and steadfastness in the face of trials, adversity, and temptation, all for the sake of Allah.

Role in the Surah

Patience is presented as a shared, foundational quality of a specific group of honored prophets. After narrating the stories of great messengers like Ibrahim and Lut, the Surah honors another group with this defining trait: “And [mention] Isma’il and Idris and Dhul-Kifl; all were of the patient (min al-sabirin).” (Al-Anbiya, 21:85). Their patience was the key that unlocked their admission into Allah’s mercy and their status as righteous servants.

Personality & Attributes

The Patient Ones are the archetype of spiritual fortitude and unwavering endurance. They are characterized by their ability to remain steadfast in their faith and good conduct, no matter the difficulty of their circumstances. Patience is their defining virtue and the bedrock of their righteousness.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Patience is not a passive virtue but an active and essential quality of the prophets and the righteous.
• Entry into the special mercy of Allah is a reward for steadfast patience.
• A believer should strive to be counted among the Sabirin, as it is one of the highest spiritual stations.

Supporting References

By grouping these three prophets together under the banner of “patience,” the Surah teaches that this virtue is a common denominator of greatness. Just as Ayyub is the prime example of patience in trial, these prophets are presented as exemplars of a lifetime of patient submission and perseverance.

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Sulayman (Solomon) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Sulayman (عليه السلام) was the son of Prophet Dawud (عليه السلام) and was a wise prophet and a mighty king. Allah bestowed upon him an unprecedented kingdom, including unique miracles such as control over the wind, the jinn, and the ability to understand the speech of animals.

Role in the Surah

Sulayman is mentioned alongside his father, Dawud, as one who was granted “judgment and knowledge.” The Surah highlights his superior wisdom in the case of the sheep that grazed in a field, stating, “And We made Solomon understand the case.” (21:79). His other great miracles are also mentioned: “And to Solomon [We subjected] the wind, blowing forcefully, proceeding by his command to the land which We had blessed. And We are ever, of all things, Knowing.” (21:81). The devils who dived and worked for him are also noted as being under Allah’s ultimate control.

Personality & Attributes

Sulayman is the archetype of the wise ruler and the grateful prophet. He is characterized by his profound wisdom, which in one case surpassed even that of his father. Despite his immense power, he is a submissive servant who directs his forces only “by his command” which is in turn, by the command of Allah.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Wisdom is a special gift from Allah, and He may bestow a greater portion of it upon a younger person than an older one.
• All the forces of nature and the unseen are under the ultimate dominion of Allah, who can subject them to whomever He wills.
• Immense power and authority are a great test, and the key to success is to use them in accordance with God’s will and to remain grateful.

Supporting References

The land “which We had blessed” that the wind traveled to is understood to be the Levant (Ash-Sham), specifically Jerusalem. This shows that Sulayman’s power was not for frivolous use, but was a tool to serve his mission in the blessed land that was the center of his kingdom.

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Town that was Destroyed, The (Archetype)

Brief Biography / Background

This is an unnamed town or city that serves as the Qur’anic archetype for any community that becomes steeped in wrongdoing and injustice, for which it is ultimately annihilated by a divine punishment.

Role in the Surah

The story of this town is presented as a stark warning. “And how many a city which was unjust have We shattered and produced after it another people.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:11). The Surah vividly describes their panic when they perceived the punishment, their futile attempt to flee, and the divine taunt they received. Their end was absolute: “And that declaration of theirs did not cease until We made them harvested stubble, extinct.” (21:15).

Personality & Attributes

This Town is the archetype of the unjust (zalim) and heedless society. In their time of luxury and power, they were arrogant. At the moment of punishment, they became terrified and cowardly. Their story is one of complete reversal, from a thriving community to “harvested stubble,” an image of complete and utter desolation.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The injustice and wrongdoing of a community is a direct cause of its destruction.
• The respite given by Allah should not be mistaken for negligence; punishment, when it comes, is sudden and absolute.
• All worldly power and luxury are meaningless in the face of Allah’s decree.

Supporting References

The generic, unnamed nature of the town is deliberate. It makes the lesson universal. It is not about a specific historical people, but about a timeless moral law that applies to any town, any city, any civilization that follows the same path of injustice and heedlessness.

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Wind Subjected to Sulayman, The

Brief Biography / Background

This was the wind (al-rih), which by a special miracle from Allah, was made subservient to the command of Prophet Sulayman (Solomon) (عليه السلام). It acted as his personal, high-speed transport, carrying him and his armies wherever he willed.

Role in the Surah

The subjection of the wind is mentioned as one of the great and unique miracles given to Sulayman, demonstrating the vastness of his kingdom. The Surah describes it as a “forcefully blowing” (‘asifatan) wind, indicating its great power, yet it was completely under his control: “…proceeding by his command to the land which We had blessed.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:81). Its role was to be a tool of the righteous king, facilitating his rule and his mission.

Personality & Attributes

The Wind is an archetype of a mighty, untamable force of nature brought into perfect submission by divine will. It represents the principle that Allah can give His chosen servants authority over aspects of the natural world that are normally beyond human control.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The story of the subjected wind is a sign of the immense honor and power that Allah bestowed upon Sulayman.
• It demonstrates that all of creation, even the most powerful and seemingly chaotic forces, are soldiers in the army of Allah.

* A believer should be in awe of the power of the Creator who can tame the wind and make it a servant to a prophet.

Supporting References

Other Surahs provide more detail, describing the wind carrying his throne, with a morning’s journey covering the distance of a month’s travel and an evening’s journey covering the same. This miracle was a clear and undeniable proof of his divinely-sanctioned authority.

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Ya’juj wa Ma’juj (Gog and Magog)

Brief Biography / Background

Ya’juj wa Ma’juj, or Gog and Magog, are two tribes or nations of humanity who are currently confined behind a barrier built by Dhul-Qarnayn. Their release near the end of time is one of the major signs of the Day of Judgment, and they will spread out across the earth, causing great chaos.

Role in the Surah

Gog and Magog are mentioned as part of the signs of the approaching end of the world. After describing the destruction of a town and the impossibility of its inhabitants returning to this world, the Surah says: “Until, when [the dam of] Gog and Magog has been opened and they, from every elevation, descend.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:96). Their release is presented as a precursor to the “True Promise” (the Day of Judgment), a sign that the final hour is imminent.

Personality & Attributes

Gog and Magog are the archetype of overwhelming chaos and a force of cosmic upheaval. They are a sign of the end times. Their “descending from every elevation” paints a picture of a massive, unstoppable swarm spreading across the face of the earth, symbolizing the breakdown of the worldly order just before the final reckoning.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Belief in the events of the end times, including the release of Gog and Magog, is a part of Islamic creed.
• Their story is a reminder that this world is not permanent and will come to a dramatic and tumultuous end.

* A believer should prepare for the Hereafter, knowing that these great signs are a definitive harbinger of its approach.

Supporting References

While Surah Al-Kahf describes their historical containment, Surah Al-Anbiya focuses on their future release. The two stories complement each other, giving a more complete picture. Hadith from the Prophet ﷺ provide further details about their nature and their eventual destruction by the command of Allah, reaffirming that even this chaotic force is ultimately within the scope of His power.

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Yahya (John) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Yahya (عليه السلام), John the Baptist, was the miraculous son of Prophet Zakariyya, granted to him in his old age. He was a righteous prophet of the Children of Israel, known for his wisdom, piety, and his role in preparing the way for his cousin, ‘Isa (عليه السلام).

Role in the Surah

Yahya is the “righteous boy” who is the answer to Zakariyya’s prayer. After Zakariyya’s heartfelt supplication not to be left as a single heir, Allah says, “So We responded to him and gave him John and amended for him his wife.” (Al-Anbiya, 21:90). He is the living embodiment of the answered prayer and a direct manifestation of the mercy of Allah. He and his parents are praised for their haste in doing good deeds and their humble supplication.

Personality & Attributes

Yahya is the archetype of the divinely-granted righteous heir. Though his own qualities are not detailed in this Surah (as they are in Surah Maryam), his very existence is a testament to the power of prayer and the mercy of God. He is the fruit of a life of devotion and humble supplication.

Major Lessons & Morals

• The story of Yahya’s birth is a powerful lesson to never despair of Allah’s mercy, even when circumstances seem impossible.
• Righteous children are a gift from Allah, often granted in response to sincere and persistent prayer.

* The family of Zakariyya is a model of a righteous household that “used to hasten to good deeds and supplicate to Us in hope and fear, and they were to Us humbly submissive.”

Supporting References

The detail that Allah “amended for him his wife” (i.e., cured her of her barrenness) is a key part of the miracle. It shows that Allah not only granted the prayer but also miraculously prepared the means for its fulfillment, demonstrating His complete and gentle care for His devoted servant.

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Zakariyya (Zechariah) `عليه السلام`

Brief Biography / Background

Zakariyya (عليه السلام) was a noble prophet of the Children of Israel. He was an elderly man, the guardian of Maryam, who longed for a righteous child to inherit his prophetic legacy, even though he was old and his wife was barren.

Role in the Surah

Zakariyya’s story is presented as a prime example of a prayer made in humility and hope being answered miraculously. The Surah recalls his secret and intimate call to his Lord: “And [mention] Zechariah, when he called to his Lord, ‘My Lord, do not leave me alone [with no heir], while you are the best of inheritors.'” (Al-Anbiya, 21:89). His prayer was one of profound monotheistic understanding; he asked for an heir but immediately affirmed that Allah is the true and ultimate “best of inheritors.” Allah’s response was to grant him Yahya.

Personality & Attributes

Zakariyya is the archetype of the humble and hopeful supplicant. He is characterized by his sincerity, his perfect etiquette (adab) in prayer, and his deep-seated desire for the continuation of righteousness. His prayer is a perfect blend of personal longing and profound theological truth.

Major Lessons & Morals

• Sincere, humble, and secret prayer is a powerful key to receiving Allah’s mercy.
• When asking Allah for something, one should always affirm that He is the ultimate source and owner of all things.
• The stories of the prophets are full of examples of prayers being answered against all odds, a source of immense hope for every believer.

Supporting References

The entire family of Zakariyya is praised for three qualities: hastening to good deeds, praying in a state of balanced hope and fear, and being humbly submissive (khashi’in). This provides a complete picture of the righteous household that produced the noble prophet Yahya.